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Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly — nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a combination of yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model , used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors , along with red and blue , which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors.
By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll , the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald , which is colored green by its chromium content.
During post-classical and early modern Europe, green was the color commonly associated with wealth, merchants, bankers, and the gentry, while red was reserved for the nobility. It is the historic color of Islam , representing the lush vegetation of Paradise.
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It was the color of the banner of Muhammad , and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries. In surveys made in American , European, and Islamic countries , green is the color most commonly associated with nature , life , health , youth , spring , hope , and envy. Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement , some naming themselves Green parties.
This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly , products. Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States.
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The word green comes from the Middle English and Old English word grene , which, like the German word grün , has the same root as the words grass and grow. AD Latin with viridis also has a genuine and widely used term for "green".
Related to virere "to grow" and ver "spring", it gave rise to words in several Romance languages , French vert , Italian verde and English vert , verdure etc. Ancient Greek also had a term for yellowish, pale green — χλωρός , chloros cf. Thus, the languages mentioned above Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation.
However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-Indo-European or word for "green". In some languages, including old Chinese , Thai , old Japanese , and Vietnamese , the same word can mean either blue or green. However, in Japan, although the traffic lights have the same colors as other countries have, the green light is described using the same word as for blue, aoi , because green is considered a shade of aoi; similarly, green variants of certain fruits and vegetables such as green apples, green shiso as opposed to red apples and red shiso will be described with the word aoi.
Vietnamese uses a single word for both blue and green, xanh , with variants such as xanh da trời azure, lit.
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Thus, the Thai word เขียว kheīyw , besides meaning "green", also means "rank" and "smelly" and holds other unpleasant associations. This word is cognate with the Ancient Greek γλαυκός "bluish green", contrasting with χλωρός "yellowish green" discussed above. In optics, the perception of green is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly — nm.
The sensitivity of the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about nm, a blue-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about nm, a yellow-green; these are the peak locations of the rod and cone scotopic and photopic, respectively luminosity functions. The perception of greenness in opposition to redness forming one of the opponent mechanisms in human color vision is evoked by light which triggers the medium-wavelength M cone cells in the eye more than the long-wavelength L cones.
Light which triggers this greenness response more than the yellowness or blueness of the other color opponent mechanism is called green. A green light source typically has a spectral power distribution dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly — nm. Human eyes have color receptors known as cone cells, of which there are three types. In some cases, one is missing or faulty, which can cause color blindness , including the common inability to distinguish red and yellow from green, known as deuteranopia or red-green color blindness.
Studies show that a green environment can reduce fatigue. In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan ; in the RGB color model , used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors , along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors.
On the HSV color wheel , also known as the RGB color wheel , the complement of green is magenta ; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light one of the purples. On a traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red. In additive color devices such as computer displays and televisions, one of the primary light sources is typically a narrow-spectrum yellowish-green of dominant wavelength ~ nm ; this "green" primary is combined with an orangish-red "red" primary and a purplish-blue "blue" primary to produce any color in between — the RGB color model.