Tpo antikroppar cancer
Thyroid Research volume 8 , Article number: 12 Cite this article. Metrics details.
Understanding Thyroid Antibodies: Does High TPO Mean Cancer?
Thyroperoxidase TPO is a membrane-bound protein essential for the production of thyroid hormones; because of this, TPO expression may be impaired in selected thyroid diseases. The goal of this study is to analyze TPO immune expression in differentiated thyroid cancer, and to determine whether TPO has any prognostic value. A study of TPO immunohistochemical expression was carried out on these patients using the MoAb47 monoclonal antibody.
In addition, cell proliferation marker Ki67 and tumor suppressor p53 were also measured for comparison. A total of cases, 43 benign tumors, 42 papillary carcinomas, 38 follicular carcinomas, 8 undifferentiated carcinomas, and 8 sporadic medullary carcinomas were analyzed.
Understanding Thyroid Antibodies: Does High TPO Mean Cancer?
Increased TPO expression in benign lesions as compared to decreased expression in papillary carcinomas and undifferentiated tumors is outstanding. TPO expression decreases in undifferentiated malignancies in contrast with p53 and Ki67 expression, which increases in that setting. TPO may be useful in confirming or ruling out benign diseases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma, with the exception of low-risk carcinoma such as MIFC.
It could be used as a prognostic factor for differentiated thyroid cancer and patient follow-up, together with other markers. Thyroperoxidase TPO is a membrane-bound protein essential for thyroid hormone production, characteristic of functional, normal thyroid cells. TPO expression is considered a thyroid differentiation marker. Qualitative and quantitative alterations in TPO activity, TPO messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA , and protein expression can be related to thyroid changes and have been reported in pathological thyroid tissues [ 1 ].
Moreover, anaplastic tumors have non-existent TPO expression. The biological meaning of this abnormal TPO expression is unclear; however, a deregulation of protein synthesis can be related. A progressive decrease in TPO levels, together with increased cell density, suggests an association with proliferation. Molecular tests are emerging that measure different gene and protein combinations that may differentiate benign lesions from DTC [ 4 — 6 ].
Determinants and Clinical Implications of Thyroid Peroxidase
Although these studies have shown good results and can be promising for the future, these techniques are not readily available in every hospital. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry techniques could be an easier option to differentiate between benign thyroid lesions and DTC. Many studies have described immunohistochemical markers that improve the diagnosis of thyroid conditions such as TPO on their own or, alternatively, associated with other markers such as galectine-3, CK19, HBME-1, etc.
TPO gene and protein expression in thyroid carcinoma have been analyzed, indicating low enzymatic activity [ 2 ], impaired solubility and suppressed TPO mRNA expression [ 8 ]. Savin et al. They reported an inverse correlation with known prognostic factors and TNM staging [ 9 ].
Understanding Thyroid Antibodies: Does High TPO Mean Cancer?
This study analyzes the immunohistochemical expression of TPO using MoAb in both benign and malignant lesions to establish the relationship between TPO expression, histological type, differentiation degree, and tumor growth. In malignancies, including both differentiated and undifferentiated cancers; a comparative analysis of TPO with proliferation factor Ki67 and cell-cycle suppressor protein p53 was carried out [ 11 — 13 ].
The ethical approval and informed consent of patients were obtained The institutional review board was approved by the committe of the Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria and the University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria. Only cases were included as we had a limited number of monoclonal antibodies available for the TPO immunohistochemical study.
Specific variants were included in the study, such as the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma for the PTC group, clear cells and insular pattern for the FTC group. Even though sporadic medullary carcinomas are related to C-cells and therefore to calcitonin levels they were not excluded, as we wanted to evaluate TPO, p53 and ki67 expression. Blocks were cut using a Leica microtome into 4—5 micron sections, and then studied with several staining techniques Harris or Mayer hematoxylin, eosin, PAS.
Afterwards, all slides were placed in a pressure cooker with citrate buffer solution as a recovery antigenic system. Antibody solutions were prepared with the following dilutions: TPO , p53 , and ki67 ; these were maintained at a temperature of 4 °C during the staining process. Then we started the incubation process without washing the slides with the primary antibody during 1 h, with the secondary antibody during another hour, and with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex during 30 min.
Routine techniques such as Congo red under polarized light and calcitonin immunohistochemistry were used for sporadic medullary carcinomas. TPO expression was measured under a light microscope, in terms of percentage of stained cells and stain intensity, using different scores. Intensity and proportion of stained cells were summed using the Vargas-Roig method [ 14 ] in order to obtain a single result.